Atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation in adults
Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic infections in the world. It is usually considered a local problem — the decay of tooth enamel and structure caused by bacteria. However, recent studies have shown that untreated caries is not just an oral issue, but also a potential source of systemic inflammation, which can affect the overall health of the organism.
Summary of Studies
A population-based study in America found that adults with more untreated cavities had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in their blood. The association persisted even after accounting for age, sex, body mass, and smoking. Conclusion: the more extensive the caries, the higher the level of systemic inflammation. NHANES 2015–2018 (AlShammari et al., 2024, BMC Public Health)
In adult patients with untreated caries in multiple teeth, higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were found in their blood – cytokines associated with chronic inflammation and immune regulation disorders. After the treatment of caries and the removal of infection foci, inflammation markers decreased significantly, although not completely. Clinical study (Hasan et al., 2023, Saudi Arabia)
Cumulative data confirm that chronic oral inflammations – including untreated caries, gingivitis, and pulpitis – can promote low-grade systemic inflammation. Such "silent inflammation" is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Meta-analysis and reviews (2024, Translational Medicine, ScienceDirect)
Inflammation Markers and Their Significance
C-reactive protein (CRP)
CRP is an acute-phase protein produced in the liver, and its levels rise when there is inflammation in the body.
Several studies have shown that individuals with untreated dental infections may have CRP levels 2–3 times higher than healthy individuals.
Cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α
These inflammation mediators are involved in both the activation of the immune system and the regulation of bone metabolism. Their elevated levels indicate systemic inflammation and are associated with several chronic diseases.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII)
This marker is calculated based on the ratio of white blood cells and platelets (neutrophils × platelets / lymphocytes).
Although SII has been studied more in relation to periodontitis, recent data also suggest a potential association with untreated caries.
Clinical Significance
Untreated caries is not just an aesthetic or localized problem. It is a persistent infection focus that activates the immune system and increases the body's inflammatory burden.
Long-term low inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) is associated with the following conditions:
cardiovascular diseases,
type 2 diabetes,
immune regulation disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Biological dentistry is based on the principle:
every inflammation in the mouth is a signal of systemic imbalance.
Doctor's Comment
Dr. Meeme Luks, holistic dentist
"I consider it extremely important to detect and treat any cavity at an early stage. Dental caries is an infectious disease that can affect adjacent teeth, internal organs, and even other people – through saliva, blood, and inflammatory mediators."
"Over the years, I have seen how removing hidden caries and inflammation can improve a patient's overall well-being and analysis results.
Modern diagnostic tools and digital techniques allow the early detection of inflammatory signs even before pain or visible damage occurs."
Conclusion
New research confirms that oral diseases and general health are closely related.
Caries is not merely a localized decay process, but part of the body's inflammatory balance equation.
Early diagnosis, removal of inflammation sources, and comprehensive dental care can help reduce systemic inflammation and improve quality of life.
References:
AlShammari M. et al. Untreated dental caries and systemic inflammation among adults: analysis of NHANES 2015–2018. BMC Public Health, 2024.
Hasan S. et al. Association between untreated dental caries and serum cytokine levels in adults. Saudi Dent J, 2023.
Translational Medicine Review 2024. Systemic inflammation and oral infections: emerging evidence.
ScienceDirect Database, 2024. Oral microbial inflammation and cardiovascular risk.